HISTORY

CHINA

The first emperor of china

. 210 b.c
. Chin- king dies, 247 b.c, xingyang 
. Shooter, infiltry, charriot, cavalry
. Longer swords
. Killed xhao of 10000, prisoner were killed
. Queen was play girl, sons with lao... 
. By 227 B. C zhao, wei, han were devoured by chin
. 223 b.c attack to chu
. 221 b.c- greater china
. 220 b.c- construction of great wall china, 1 million slave 
. No fornication
. Huge tomb and pyramid
. 210 b.c- dies at age of 50
. Li shung played game, young son becomes emperor so he killed all relatives 
. Rebel starts
. Concubine, 100 of his tomb makers were buried

GREEK

Themistocles- army general
pericles- politician
. 508 B.C- athens, pandemonium, CLEISTHENES, by his time sparta ruled 4000 sq miles of GREECE.
. HELLES- GREECE
. Paisotheses- died in 547 B.C, AND hippias came to power
. Cleisthenes came power in 510 b.c
. Olympic- 776 b.c, 40,000 attend,
. Isagares- made coup against cleisthenes by spartan, if destroyed all aristocrate
. Cleisthenes was recalled to form government
. Voting everyday, democracy
. 490 b.c, marathon, persian were huge empired- turkey to india, persian landed in marathon, spartan were ask for help but denied, 
. 483- athenian found silver, made 200 ship force
. 486 b. C- Darius died
. 480- son of darius attacked again with 2 million force
 . 200 fleet destroyed by athen, delian league, 200 member states by 450, b.c
. Expelling citizen was there ho athen, ostracised
. Themistocles died in persia
. Pericles-
. Taintanting, oar, vein, oracle, strait, fleet
. Pericles- not obvious democrate
. 460 b. C pantheon was decided to make, took 15 years
. Aeschylis, euripid, herodotus
. Themistocles had prostitute as wife
. Tragedy, none can avoid destiny
. 431 B.C- WAR AGAINST SPARTA
. Socrates- denied, THALLES- measured pyramid and wrote book on navigation
. Pericles- died in 429 b.c, after war with sparta, generals were killed
. 416 b.c- proposal came from sicily to protect for athens-about 50000 were killed
. Persian- helped spartan by ship, after 50 years
. 404 b.c- athen surrendered to sparta, all ship destroyed
. Belicose

JESUS/BUDDHIST

Resurrection Story in mark was added after 200 years...inquisition to cathers, last 200 of them were burng to death...

. Knight templar- 12th century, wanted to protect jerusalem safe from Islam, believed that they brought back thd bones of jesus when They were forced to leave in 1186

. Resuscitation

. Ascesion was also addèd after 200 years to bible

. After crucufication mary magdalen went to s. France, with her bro. Lazarus, cult of magdalen

. Nikolai...isa born in israel, 14 to 29 studied buddhism

. Yusa saff- died in 80, tomb is there

INDIAN KINGS

. Pandayas- 6th century to 15th century, pearls producer, trade upto china and greece and rome, war with chola and pallav

. 520 BC- Darius and Cyrus invaded indus valley, ruled for about 150 years, Alexander invasion, GRECO-BUDDHISM

. Chola, another powerful king of south india, conqurred

. 316 B. C, chanakya was his advisor, ashoka was the greatest king of this dynasty

. Cheras- traded with Rome, Middle east and China, later chola took over

. Pallava- great rulers of south who won chola and pandaya

. Gupta empire- 320 C.E to 550 C.E

. After Gupta Empire, Harsavardan came to power

. Prithvi raj chauhan, RAJPUT- 7TH AND 8TH CENTURY

. 12th and 13th century- mughal came to northen part, urdu is mix of sanskrit, arabic, persian and turk language

. Akbar was greatest illiterate king...

. Aurengzeb, forced all to follow islam, maratha and shikhs revolt and rajput also fid the ssme, after zafar muhhal empire declined

. MAratha- 17th century, shivaji rao, great king, religious freedom,and no untouchability

. King of MYSORE- won against MARATHA with the help of BRITISH

MONGOL

MONGOL EMPIRE

1162- GENGHIS KHAN BORN

10 MEN- 1 ARBAN

10 ARBAN- 1 JAGUN

10 JAGUN- 1 MINGGHAM

10 MINGGHAM- 1 TUMEN

ARMY FORMATION, 10,000 MEN IN A TUMEN, IF ONE MEN FROM ARBAN LEAVES ALL WOULD BE KILLED.

907- 1125, great liao...by khitan, won by chinese jin dynasty
. 1165-born ghenghis, 1206 to 27- won 22% of world
. Made western khitan
. 1125-1171, Khamag mongol lost with tartar
. In 1171 yasuge father of gheghis was poisoned ho is marriage
. Exiled when he tried to be chieftain, jamukha his brother later they had war in 1187, ghenghis lost
1197- won against tartar
1201- won jamukha
. 1209- won western xia 
1211- attacked jin, chinese kingdom, 1212- again attacked, attacked finally at 1213 and made agreement
. Naeman defeated in 1205/08, who refuse to western liao, won in 1216
. Kara khitai, khaganate
. Khwarezm- empire, 
bukhara
samarkand- 1520, 
. Urgenz, khorasan looted
. War- jalaladin ho afghanisthan, lost for first, 30000, half died, went to indus valley,
. Georgia attacked- 1523
. Won russian,
. 1227, died

  . Ogedei- tax, karakuram renovation, yasa law, postal service, paper note and civil service, religious tolerance

CRUSADE ARAB PERSPECTIVE

CRUSADE; ARAB PERSPECTIVE

PART-1

. 11th century europe was in pain east asia was properous.

. Feudals were in good but others were serfs

. War was as a usual activity in daily life...feudals were robbers

. Islam world was separated, europe was not as now it is, desparate

. Abbadis of baghdad had conflict with, sunni, fatimid of cairo were shia

. Gregory vii decided to launch crusade, but died in 1085, known as hily satan

. 1088 urban ii became pope, he declared crusade in 1095 in france, a 200 years war

. Peter the hermit lead people's crusade, they killed christian, jews any one...reached byzantine in 1096, at seljuk empire the were killed. 20,000 died

. Seljuk were middle asia turk who had taken abbadis and part of byzantine

. Feudal crusader came to byzantine, they made agreement, it was christian land

. Attacked seljuk in disguise form, captured nicae and given to byzantine, again moved to armenia were there was christian,

. Christian believed muslim as variatian 

. Attacked edessa in 1098, first christian state by crusader baldwin, helped by rebels

. 1097, fraction of this crusader attacked antioch but could not do anything, they had to eat leaves, finally bohemond, a former chrsitian who had accepted islam opened gate of antioch

. Attacked antioch and captured, asked for help, leader of mosul came to besiege in 5. June 1098

. Finally crusaders attacked islam in 27 june, they were desperated, found lance used to kill christ

. They did not return to byzantine rather they kept themselves

. 1099 they moved westwards, no resistance was faced, all cities were separate kingdoms, 

. june 5, 1099 crusaders reached jerusalem

. 10 july attacked jerusalem, killed 100000 people, jews, christian and muslims

Part 2

REVIVAL

. 400 years of muslim empire came to threat by crusade, levant was captured

. Al asqa mosque captured

. People of jerusalem took Caliph Uthman quran to damascus, Al Haran was scholar there

. 1099, Aug. He went to baghdad, he was not allowed to meet sultan so he broke fasting, seljuk Turks had real power upon it

. European established kingdom in levant

. Scholar from Aleppo went to help in baghdad

. Moudad, governer of mosul, of Damascus fought to king Baldwin and won in 1113

. Batiyah, shia starts killing seljuks at close to 11 century, 

. Governor of Damascus kills Moudad

. 1127- Alepo was taken by governor of Mosul

. Damascus makes truce to Jerusalem

. 1144- Edessa taken by Zhengi empire

. 1146- king of zhengi killed by his slave so his son took power

. 1147- German and French crusaders moved on in 1147, attacked Damascus in 1448

. 1156- Nour uddin, a good ruler, took Damascus 

. 1163- Almaick, came as king in Jerusalem

. Egypt comes under threat of crusafer

. Shirkuh, leader fights againts crusader in Egypt, hiis nephew was Salladin

. After 5 years muslim wins, Salladin now rises

Part 3

 UNIFICATION

. 1144-EDESSA RETAKEN

. 1164- FOUGHT for nile by king almarick of jerusalem and nour uddin

. 1169 muslim won, shirkuh became vazeer, after 2 years he died so salladin came in his position, now shia fatimids rule moved to zenghid sunni

. After nour death in 11174, salladin took control of damascus because nour's sons and brothers were not helping him to take back jerusalem

. And almarick king of jerusalem died, count of trepoli became regent and baldwin IV as a king

. Made truce with salladin, he made damascus his capital

. Salladin moved to aleppo in 1174, coz brothers and sons of nour refused to join him to remove crusader, ruler of aleppo took shia asasin to kill him

. 1175, assasin attacked salladin, they were against sunni leaders

. 1183, aleppo surrendered...now ayyubid kingdom established

. 1182, ruler of kerak castle, raynald sent crusader but caught by egyptian force, they wanted to destroy kebba, they  were killed

. King almaric died, 1886, his sister came t power,

. Raynald attacked caravan of salladin

. 1 July 1187 salladin came to heart of jerusalem, to lure crusaders, 4 july war between these 2 forces

. Liberated cities of jerusalem by salladin, 2 oct. 1187 after 10 days it was captured completely

. He let crusader to leave peacefully

1187...attacked tyre but impossible all west european came to help crusader

. Frecnch, roman and english joined acre in 1191, muslim surrendered, 3000 were murdered

. 1192 ramala agreement, crusader only kept acre, trepoli and antioch..a good king salladin

. Died in 1193 march, lack of calibre leader crusade remained 100 years more

PART 4

LIBERATION

. 3rd crusade ends FAILURE IN 1192

. 1187 battle of hattin

. Innocent III wanted to destroy egypt as head of islam,

. 1204 crusader christian of killed byzantine empire...

. 1218 a coast of egypt was taken by crusader, alkamel sons of al adel(brother of salladinn) ask help from frederick II to assist him in retufn to give jerusalem to them

. 1229 he captured jerusalem without bloodshed, 6th crusade

. 1244 retaken by islam

. 1248 louix IX LEaDS crusade 7th time with 50,000 force

. 1249 he landed into coat of egypt

. 1250- mamluks attacked upon louix IX, mamluks sacked down ayyubids

. 1258 mongols destroyed baghdad, hulago...1260  took control over other remained islam world except egypt

. 1260 war of ain jalut by qutuz sultan, won upon mongols, killed him after sometime and baibars came to power, he won all citadel of crusaders towards antioch

. May 1268 antioch taken back, west was weak

. Only king of acre was remained

. After 17 years he died and qawulan became sultan,

. 1289 trepoli taken down, 1290 while acre was to be taken he dies his son khalil comes to power

. May 1291 acre is taken down

. Frankish war or lord's was only written as crusade in late 12th century in germany

. Greek text were recovered from arabic to latin, learned about weaponary and agriculture from east like sugarcane

. Learned about medicine and doctors so instead of killing treatment was started

. Glass factory was established using craftmans from east in murano, italy

. 1798, captured cairo, moved to acre, levant in 1799 but nepoleane lost, during ottomon empire, after 5 centuries

. Mediterranean coast came under europe, algeria capured by french

. 1917- british captured jerusalem

. 1948 -  israel is formed in palestine

. Crusade change war against other to war against bad

. Crusade was a colonialist war of power under the name of religion

HAREM OF OTTOMON

Harem
16th century- baghdad to budapest, istanbul, suleiman- topkapi

1520- alexandra liz oscar
. English mechanic saw first time the harem of ottmon, felicity
. Horan, check their physical condition
.  Not allowed to talk about harem of islam, 
. Taught to read and write, islam rules and court manners, with embroidery
. Eunuchs were guard  of harem
. Cucumber was allowed to take to harem 
. Eunuchs were blacks from africa while harem were from other community
. Wash, hair and hands were painted with henna, remove hair
. Given good cloths and jewel, with music...horan becomes favourite
. Horan gives 4 sons, one woman one son after a son becomes sultan others were killed
. 1534 married horan, first time king got queen  
 . 1536 march 5- ibrahim pasha...vazeer
. 1543 horan son died, mustafa was favourite of sultan
. 1558 april 18 horan died
. After 8 years sultan also died, salim 
. After salim dies nobano takes over

. Murad III loves sofia...he wanted to stuck with her so noir banu jeaulous

. Iran to budapest was its empire, 130 to 600 was made women in harem bh murad III son of salim

. But his mother changed his idea he had 112 children with many concubine

. Midwife were rich then

. Muslims used contraceptives while jews and christian were against it

. When noir banu died in1583 she was 58 after 12 years his successor killed his 19 brothers

. At beginning of 17 century brothers were kept into cage like room

. Akhmad, son of murad, had brother ibrahim his mother was qasim, he remained as mad

. Ibrahim got sex monger, loved fat women

. So he was imprisoned by mother qasim...finally he was killed,  mother faces challenge by her grandson's mother

. 1651 qasim was killed

Ottomon empire

Loop

Truce

Stupend

Mosaic

Slander

Morbid

. 14 century in turkey...turks, anatolia plateu

. 1300 mongol drew, osman turks leader, turned to byzantine...330 a.d it was formed

. 1302...osmanlis beCame ottomon, 400 t0 4000 soldiers

. Ottomons gave religion freedom...1324 osmon died, they were sufis...,orhan, his son continued

. Busar..was orhan captured town, he  urbanised himself and helped emperor of byzantine

. 1362 he died and murad comes

. Christian boys were recrjited forcibly and converted into islam, new army.

. Murad fought till he was 70, his young son came into power so brother killing tradition started

. Mehamat came his subdued rebel, and murad II came , son of mehmet

. 1441 murad II died his skn mehmet II came

. Mehmet II Conquered costatinople, won It on 1453, topkapi palace started in 1465, church changed into mosque, 1481 died at 49

. Baseed II came to power...a tranquil king

. 1512..saleem abdict baseed II to be king and attacked muslim syria, iran, lebnon, egypt against islam law by 1517, died in 1520...first caliph

. Suleiman comes to throne, 1526 captured budapest, now attacking spain so he offered hardeen barbarosa as his fleet commandar, with this asia, africa and europe expanded at once

. Took side of protestant, revival of culture and arts

. Married first time, golden path..1534, sells all his woman of harem as virgin

. Died at 72 in 1566, hungary in campaign

. 1595 mamehta III KILLED 19 brothers which fotced to stop patricide, lost with russia in creamia and lost with napolean in egypt

. 1826, mahmud II became great sultan again

. Majeed is his successor who followed western ideology, built bachi palace

. 1876 bankrupcy, 

. Hameed II COMES POWER IN 20 CENTURY IN 1ST WORLD WAR

. Ottomon lost its western empire like romania, greece, armrnian were killed and mustafa gemal won over british

. Mehmud XI, signed treaty which created middle east so mustafa lead anew ideology after 1st world war

. Last emperor was exiled. 1923 turkey got independed Country, and introduced new writing script and mustafa became president, ataturk, abolished sultanate and caliphate, westernised bh him

. 40 sultans came, 600 years...balkans, north africa and middle east

MIDDLE EAST

 
middle east

. Cross road of asia, africa and europe
. Afro- asiatic- hebrew language, arabic:-.

14 c. Muslim historian Ibn khaldun- conquest, consolidation, expansion, degeneration and conquest,
. Amorite- left babylon, genius in math and astronomy 
. After then assyrian came, nineveh as capital, they lost with other but rebuild it later chaeldian won them.
. There all were babylonians but later persian won them
. Cyrus- good politics, had nile to indus valley

. King darius of persian made attack upon greek he lost though he had biggest army later his son also did same mistake...after 150 years alexander annexed ig totally

. Parthian came, good fighter by horse never cared abt culture ....descendent of persian

. Then ssasanid came who erased greek influence, made enormous buildings, zoroastrianism was main religion

. Roman empire declined in west, east became byzantium empire...remained 1000 years but not important events...

. Dark age starts...arab is about wake up...